¿Qué co morbilidades son las más comunes en el TEA?

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) a menudo coexiste con otras condiciones médicas y psiquiátricas, conocidas como comorbilidades. Estas comorbilidades pueden variar ampliamente entre individuos, pero algunas de las más comunes incluyen:

  1. Trastornos del sueño: Muchas personas con TEA experimentan problemas de sueño, como dificultades para conciliar el sueño, despertares frecuentes durante la noche y levantarse muy temprano.
  2. Trastornos gastrointestinales: Es común que los individuos con TEA tengan problemas gastrointestinales, incluyendo estreñimiento, diarrea y dolor abdominal.
  3. Trastornos de ansiedad: Los trastornos de ansiedad, como la ansiedad generalizada, la fobia social y el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), son frecuentes en personas con TEA.
  4. Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): Muchas personas con TEA también presentan síntomas de TDAH, lo que puede incluir dificultades para concentrarse, hiperactividad e impulsividad.
  5. Epilepsia: La prevalencia de epilepsia es más alta en personas con TEA que en la población general. Las convulsiones pueden comenzar en la infancia o en la adolescencia.
  6. Trastornos del estado de ánimo: La depresión y los trastornos bipolares son más comunes en personas con TEA.
  7. Trastornos de la alimentación: Algunos individuos con TEA pueden desarrollar trastornos de la alimentación, como la anorexia nerviosa o la bulimia, aunque también pueden presentar patrones de alimentación restrictiva sin cumplir los criterios completos de estos trastornos.
  8. Discapacidades intelectuales: Alrededor del 30-50% de las personas con TEA también tienen algún grado de discapacidad intelectual.
  9. Trastornos sensoriales: Las personas con TEA a menudo tienen sensibilidades sensoriales, reaccionando de manera exagerada o insuficiente a estímulos sensoriales como sonidos, luces, texturas y olores.
  10. Trastornos del lenguaje y de la comunicación: Problemas con el lenguaje y la comunicación son una característica central del TEA, pero algunas personas también pueden tener trastornos específicos del lenguaje.
  11. Problemas de coordinación motora: Dificultades con la coordinación motora y la motricidad fina y gruesa pueden ser comunes en el TEA.

Estas comorbilidades pueden complicar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del TEA, por lo que es importante que los profesionales de la salud realicen evaluaciones integrales para abordar todas las necesidades de la persona.

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